Genetically Modified Foods And Their Labels - 1447 Words

Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods are products that contain genetically modified organisms. There has been some controversy that customers should be aware on the nutrient labels if the product contains genetically modified ingredients. Researching this topic is very important for everyone to understand and this topic came to mind while finding a page online called Consumer Reports, which is base from, a magazine. This page explains to people why they need to know about GMO foods and their labels. The goal of this research paper is to let customers know that using genetically modified organisms can harm the body to some extent; it could possibly harm the environment, and it could drive up the cost of grocery prices.†¦show more content†¦Many people say that foods that are modified can be bad for the health. Americans have been eating GMO foods for many years now and they didn’t know till researchers found them in different types of foods. We actually know that GMO foods are actually dangerous to some extent, but if people say that it is not harmful it actually doesn’t means it is safe and healthy for humans. Scientist did research on genetically modified foods and found out that it could damage some parts of our bodies when eat foods that have growth hormones in it. They used animals on their studies to see if GMO foods are harmful. They found out that it could damage the immune system, liver, and kidneys. So it is important for stores to tell the people if it is safe to buy and eat and they will be aware of it. Every food store should have labels that say that is has been genetically modified with organisms and by this people will decide if they want to buy the product and it will help people with health issues in the future. This point is agreeable because GMO food products can influence people’s health outcome. These products can influence how people think about certain types of foods that have some type of artificial growth hormones inside the foods. People that know that it is bad for them can stop by eating more of this foods that are naturally made. Non-modified foods are healthier for our bodies because it is naturally produced without any type of technology. GMOs foods can have side effects

Cultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South

Toronto to Texas the Journey Changes occur in every region of the world; every minute, every second. Most people generally do not approve of changes. It causes fear, mistrust, isolation, and even pain. In my youth, I liked changes. Changes were something to look forward to, it s fun to meet new people and an enjoyable way to see new places. It was useful to learn new skills and live experiences. So at the age of fifteen, my mother told me we were headed for America. No attention was given to these words, because I was a teenager who thought that the state of Texas would be quite similar to Toronto, but never did I imagine that this will completely change my perception of change. These changes have led me to understand the different culture between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day North and South. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there is geographical difference. For one in the North we have more clear and fast rivers, and we almost always have a bay. While in the south, the soil is agriculturally more fertile, so in essence we see more farms and large areas of land. Also there is a huge population difference between Wichita Falls and Toronto, which is easily amongst the biggest and mostShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South1334 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the different cultures between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day north and south. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there are geographical differences. For one, in the north we have more clear and fast riversRead MoreGlobal Brand Face-Off1209 Words   |  5 Pagesat all, while Dubois head of Europe marketing supportive about a global launch surround the upcoming Diana’s she Devils sequel movie seeing as thought rival competitor Revlon used the same strategy in the James Bond film, Die Another Day. Lastly Narayan head of South Asia marketing was willing to give it a shot due to the growth in India that was mentioned with sightings of Espoir products in smaller retail stores. The success of a Global launch is going to heavily factored in by the commitment andRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civi l War1634 Words   |  7 Pageshas shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created the war known as the â€Å"American Civil War.† The American Civil War erupted on April 12, 1861. The war began as a result of many years of indifferences and debates between the North and the South. Slavery was the most important issue of the AmericanRead More The American Civil War Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely gruesome and bloody war (World Book 614). The war, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern troops fired on Fort Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took more American lives than any other war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve slavery while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern way of life and were trying to endRead MoreAmerica: From the Signing of the Constitution to the Civil War1177 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate tightly wound around family, religion, and, for the most part, small towns, and communities. The violence increased betw een whites and Native Americans. Thomas Jefferson considered the assimilation proposal, which gave the Indians the option to become a part of white society. The natives opposed to the idea and in 1807 the whites and Indians revived their differences through war. Slavery put the new nation in a moral contradiction; it fought for freedom and practiced enslaved many. ReligionRead MoreCultural Syncretism1599 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Syncretism Abstract The concept of cultural syncretism exists when two different cultures combine their ancient beliefs of the past to create new traditions and/or beliefs. There are several cultural factors that influenced both Africa and the Americas such as weaponry, technological advancements, medical and religious. China and India’s values were quite different when it came to cultural beliefs. They would isolate themselves from outside traditions, which made them more resistant toRead MoreUrbanization in North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance n ovel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in societyRead MoreThe Culture Of North Korea1189 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of North Korea A particular society that has its own beliefs and ways of life define Culture. Major characteristics that define culture are Learned Behavior, Abstract, Products of Behavior, Attitudes, and Values Knowledge. We may define culture as the total of human achievements or the way of life of the people in a certain geographical area. The Peoples Republic of North Korea is a great example of this definition. The Democratic People s Republic of Korea is a country in East Asia locatedRead More On Korea Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesKorea was controlled by Japan. World War II broke out, and the Allies defeated the Axis powers. The country of Korea was divided into two parts -- the north and the south. The north was occupied by communist Russian forces and the south by American troops. The dividing line was the 38th parallel(see map). In 1950, a civil war began between the two Koreas, further separating them. Both countries have since established totally different ways of life that include government, economics, and lifestylesRead MoreThe South Will Rise Again1310 Words   |  6 Pagespressed to find any Southerner who does not know and understand the sentiment behind the statement, â€Å"The South will rise again.† The South is a region within the United States that does not follow the generalized ‘American rule.’ In an effort to identify what makes the South a distinctive region, one must explore the comparisons of culture, education, racism, religion, and identity of the South and its people to the rest of America. Through the use of a wide variety of statistics and comprehensive Cultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South Changes occur in every region of the globe; every minute, every second. Most individuals generally do not approve of changes. It entices fear, mistrust, isolation, and even pain. In my youth, I liked change. Changes were something to look forward to, it was fun to meet new individuals and an enjoyable way to see new places. It was useful to learn new skills and live experiences. So at the age of fifteen, my mother told me we were headed for America. No attention was given to these words, because I was a teenager who thought that the state of Texas would be quite similar to Toronto, but never could I fathom that this would completely change my perception of the world. These Challenges have led me to understand the different cultures between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day north and south. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there are geographical differences. For one, in the north we have more clear and fast rivers, and we almost always have a bay. While in the south, the soil is agriculturally more fertile, so in essence we see more farms and large areas of land. Also, there is an incredible difference in population difference between Wichita Falls and Toronto, which is easily amongst the biggestShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South1240 Words   |  5 Pagesto understand the different culture between the north and south, not to believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable. I can’t even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern-day North and South. Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but there is geographical difference. For one in the North we have more clear and fast riversRead MoreGlobal Brand Face-Off1209 Words   |  5 Pagesat all, while Dubois head of Europe marketing supportive about a global launch surround the upcoming Diana’s she Devils sequel movie seeing as thought rival competitor Revlon used the same strategy in the James Bond film, Die Another Day. Lastly Narayan head of South Asia marketing was willing to give it a shot due to the growth in India that was mentioned with sightings of Espoir products in smaller retail stores. The success of a Global launch is going to heavily factored in by the commitment andRead MoreWhat Caused The American Civil W ar1634 Words   |  7 Pageshas shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created the war known as the â€Å"American Civil War.† The American Civil War erupted on April 12, 1861. The war began as a result of many years of indifferences and debates between the North and the South. Slavery was the most important issue of the AmericanRead More The American Civil War Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely gruesome and bloody war (World Book 614). The war, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern troops fired on Fort Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took more American lives than any other war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve slavery while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern way of life and were trying to endRead MoreAmerica: From the Signing of the Constitution to the Civil War1177 Words   |  5 Pagesclimate tightly wound around family, religion, and, for the most part, small towns, and communities. The violence increased betw een whites and Native Americans. Thomas Jefferson considered the assimilation proposal, which gave the Indians the option to become a part of white society. The natives opposed to the idea and in 1807 the whites and Indians revived their differences through war. Slavery put the new nation in a moral contradiction; it fought for freedom and practiced enslaved many. ReligionRead MoreCultural Syncretism1599 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Syncretism Abstract The concept of cultural syncretism exists when two different cultures combine their ancient beliefs of the past to create new traditions and/or beliefs. There are several cultural factors that influenced both Africa and the Americas such as weaponry, technological advancements, medical and religious. China and India’s values were quite different when it came to cultural beliefs. They would isolate themselves from outside traditions, which made them more resistant toRead MoreUrbanization in North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance n ovel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in societyRead MoreThe Culture Of North Korea1189 Words   |  5 PagesCulture of North Korea A particular society that has its own beliefs and ways of life define Culture. Major characteristics that define culture are Learned Behavior, Abstract, Products of Behavior, Attitudes, and Values Knowledge. We may define culture as the total of human achievements or the way of life of the people in a certain geographical area. The Peoples Republic of North Korea is a great example of this definition. The Democratic People s Republic of Korea is a country in East Asia locatedRead More On Korea Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesKorea was controlled by Japan. World War II broke out, and the Allies defeated the Axis powers. The country of Korea was divided into two parts -- the north and the south. The north was occupied by communist Russian forces and the south by American troops. The dividing line was the 38th parallel(see map). In 1950, a civil war began between the two Koreas, further separating them. Both countries have since established totally different ways of life that include government, economics, and lifestylesRead MoreThe South Will Rise Again1310 Words   |  6 Pagespressed to find any Southerner who does not know and understand the sentiment behind the statement, â€Å"The South will rise again.† The South is a region within the United States that does not follow the generalized ‘American rule.’ In an effort to identify what makes the South a distinctive region, one must explore the comparisons of culture, education, racism, religion, and identity of the South and its people to the rest of America. Through the use of a wide variety of statistics and comprehensive

Macbeths Change from War Hero to Evil Murderer free essay sample

Pride is a very dangerous trait. It can take you over, make you feel self conscious, and eventually change you altogether. When put under pressure, pride will make a decision for you. In the book of Genesis in the Bible, Eve, along with the serpent, manipulates Adam to eat the fruit from the tree. She teases him and because of his pride he eats the apple and is thrown out of Heaven, just like in Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. Macbeth is full of pride and as Lady Macbeth manipulates him and makes him feel pathetic, so his character slowly but surely changes from a War Hero into an Evil Murderer. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is portrayed as a magnificent war hero – a saviour. In the second scene we meet a Captain reporting from the battlefield, praising Macbeth; â€Å"For brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name(†¦) Till he fac’d the slave, Which ne’er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him till he unseam’d him from the nave to th’chaps and fix’d his head upon our battlement. † To which Duncan replies, â€Å"O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman.† Shakespeare has specifically chosen his words in this section to display Macbeth as he is at his best; a ruthless warrior who would stop at nothing to defend his country. Throughout this scene Shakespeare uses words like valiant, honour and noble to describe Macbeth, to exaggerate his victory, and the fact that everybody is looking up to him. At the end of the scene, the current Thane of Cawdor’s death is pronounced, and it is agreed that Macbeth has won this title. On their return from battle, Macbeth and Banquo stumble across the three witches. Of course, the witches had planned this meeting however Macbeth and Banquo, unaware of this, were worried and started to ask questions due to the witches’ unearthly appearance. The witches all hail Macbeth, Thane of Glamis, then Thane of Cawdor, and finally they hail him as King hereafter. These are the witches’ prophesies of Macbeth’s life to come. As soon as he hears the Witches’ predictions, Ross and Angus enter the scene and tell Macbeth that he is to be the new Thane of Cawdor. This means that one of the Witches’ prophecies has already come true, and Macbeth’s dark thoughts begin. Aside from Banquo he starts imagining the things that he would have to do to become King; â€Å"My thought, whose murder yet but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man that is function† shows how Macbeth is shaken by the very thought of a murder – this is a h uge contrast from the bloodthirsty war hero at the beginning. Macbeth continues to have dark thoughts when he says aside â€Å"The prince of Cumberland: that is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, for in my way it lies. Stars hide your fires, let not light see my black and deep desires†. From this point Macbeth is no longer the selfless, loyal and patriotic man he was because these thoughts have engulfed him so quickly that it would be impossible to get them out of his head. Immediately Macbeth believes the witches. This is for many reasons; one being the fact that their prophecies are becoming true before his eyes, and the other being a psychological thing – he liked what he heard and therefore it all seems much more possible. For example, somebody goes to a fortune teller to hear what they want to hear – and if they hear it then it ‘becomes true’. In Shakespeare’s time there was a lot of superstition about witchcraft and supernatural powers. At that time people believed that witches represented a so called â€Å"dark side† in human nature. The witches are a metaphor for the evil conscience inside of Macbeth. The witches didn’t have the power to bring Macbeth down they were just able to lead Macbeth into doing things which he shouldn’t do. When the witches prophesise that Macbeth will be King they only plant a seed in his mind, but through his many murderous and scandalous activities, throughout t he play, he nourishes that seed with the purely selfish intention of securing his throne. We meet Lady Macbeth in Scene 5, reading aloud Macbeth’s letter informing her of what he has just experienced. Like Eve, Lady Macbeth knows exactly what has to be done to be able to manipulate her husband. In order for Macbeth to take the throne, hence her becoming his Queen, she would have to persuade him to kill Duncan. She therefore she takes it upon herself to be the driving person. She asks the spirits to â€Å"unsex† her and fill her from the crown to the toe of direst cruelty and make her blood thick. She wants her pathway of remorse to be stopped up, and she asks, â€Å"And pall me in the dunnest smoke of hell, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, to cry ‘Hold, hold’† She asks for all of these because she doesn’t want to be cowardly when it comes to Duncan the current King’s murder. The last sentence about heaven peeping through the blanket of the dark has many interpretations. It could be suggested that she wants t he night to cover any sign of mysterious things going on, so that it is pitch black, and another interpretation is that she doesn’t want God to see what they are doing. If heaven peeped through the blanket of the dark to cry ‘Hold, hold’ it could be God calling out to stop what they are doing. Although they are committing this crime they don’t want to be punished for it. Again, this is just like in the Garden of Eden, when Adam and Eve wanted the apple, but they didn’t want God to know that they had taken it, so they hid. Macbeth was reluctant to kill the King because of his own sense of right and wrong. He knew deep down that it shouldn’t be done because he is a loyal and trusted hero and for him to do it would go against everything that he should be working for in protecting his country. He wished that he had the same ruthless mind as he did in battle because it would have been so much easier for him. As soon as he had a shadow of doubt, Lady Macbeth was there to persuade him into believing it is for the best to kill Duncan. There are many ways in which she manipulates him into thinking that he is not worth anything and that he has to prove himself to her. She starts by saying he is a coward, and not a man. She puts his confidence down and then she moves on to how he is making her feel. She tells him that he doesn’t love her enough to kill Duncan, and if he really loved her then he would do as she asked. She also reminded him that she would be breaking a promise to her. Although they play off each other throughout the play, and there is much maliciousness about their relationship, I think that there is love deep inside and Macbeth doesn’t want to let her down. He therefore continues with the plan to kill Duncan, and does so at the beginning of Act 2. After the murder Macbeth and Lady Macbeth return to the courtyard to wash off the blood. Here, Macbeth complains that the blood won’t come off his hands. Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"My hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white†. This is an important quote because relating to Macbeth’s pride, this is the ultimate put-down. She, a woman would be shamed to wear a heart so white – to be such a coward – so how could Macbeth be so weak and look so cowardly? She plans on being the strong one and not to give in to the cowardice which has taken over Macbeth. This is really Lady Macbeth giving him a ‘telling off’ for being so childish, and not taking it like a man. Soon after the murder has been committed Macbeth starts seeing things, and because of these visions he ends up going mad. He sees the dagger which he used to kill Duncan, and he thinks that it could be witchcraft but it’s actually just his mind playing tricks on him. Throughout the play his condition continues to deteriorate. Inside Lady Macbeth’s hard exterior soon breaks, and she also becomes mad. This is when Macbeth is able to regain control. Many around the castle start to realise that it is him who committed the crime, and therefore he has to resort to more immoral doings; some because he is not in his right mind. His decisions are misinformed and all the time he is becoming more and more evil. The play unfolds, and it is found out that Macbeth murdered Duncan and many others in trying to disguise it. The witches’ prophesise that Macbeth will not be killed by a man born of woman, so he is confident that he will not be killed for his wrong doings. It turns out that Macduff was ripped untimely from his mother’s womb, and therefore he kills Macbeth. At the end of the play, Malcolm describes Macbeth as a â€Å"dead butcher† and Lady Macbeth his â€Å"fiend-like Queen†. This can be interpreted at quite literally a dead butcher, because he is now dead and because he butchered so many people – it was his profession. But it could be portraying how he was when he was alive, because he used to be a man who would butcher other soldiers in battle back when he was the war hero but the he ended up with this old person dead, and a new man emerging as a murderer. Macbeth’s character was too full of pride for his own good, and Lady Macbeth was too manipulative. Just as in Adam and Eve; Adam was too much of a coward and Eve was very persuasive. Along with all of the many messages behind the story of Macbeth, Shakespeare uses this underlying religious metaphor to teach us about selfishness, and the risks of pride. Pride is the key to unlocking the reason behind Macbeth’s huge character shift. We can see this by simply looking at the definition. The definition of pride is: Pride is the cultivation, preservation or exalting of self. It is a protecting of self. Pride is commitment to self. It is building up ourselves in our own eyes or in the eyes of others. Pride is an excessive belief in ones superiority, worth, merit. Pride is a root cause of many sins.

The Spiritual Arguments Essays - Medical Ethics, Euthanasia, Suicide

The Spiritual Arguments In this chapter the spiritual arguments for and against assisted suicide will be examined. What effect would the allowance of assisted suicide have on us as humans and as a society? A woman holds the hand of her mother who is dying from cancer during her final hours at a palliative care hospital in Winnipeg The following article shows the varied views of many religions on assisted suicide. Religion and Spirituality (Source - edited for size) Death with Dignity laws allow a terminally ill patient to hasten an inevitable and unavoidable death. It's not suicide nor euthanasia; rather, a possible option if the pain from the underlying illness gets to be too much or quality of life too degraded. While many faith traditions adhere to ancient traditions and understandings of physical life's final journey, modern medical technology has provided new information opening the door for faith leaders to actively reconsider some beliefs. Disease and terminal illness represent less mystery now, and are more associated with scientific and technological problem solving. Death with Dignity laws offer dying individuals an opportunity to ponder an important final life question, "What is the meaning of my life?" For many, this is a profoundly spiritual question, and answers come, not when an individual is consumed by a flurry of doctor's appointments, treatments or tests, but in the comfort of solitude when an individual feels at peace. As the leading edge of public policy working to ensure the rights of patients on this important final journey, Death with Dignity is not only a legal issue, but a cultural and spiritual issue, too. Some faith traditions have embraced Death with Dignity as an ultimate act of compassion, and others reject it is as morally bankrupt practice. 209 doctors Below you will find viewpoints of the differing faith traditions on Death with Dignity. Please remember: there is as much diversity among different faith traditions as there is between them. Anglican: Rowan Williams, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, has stated that although "There is a very strong compassionate case" for physician-assisted dying, the Anglican church remains opposed to the practice. Baptist: The American Baptists Churches and Southern Baptist Convention differ in their statements regarding assisted dying. The American Baptists have adopted the policy to [sic] "to advocate within the medical community for increased emphasis on the caring goals of medicine which preserve the dignity and minimize the suffering of the individual and respect personal choice for end of life care." Whereas the Southern Baptists state the practice violates the sanctity of human life. Buddhism: Buddhists are not unanimous in their view of physician-assisted dying, and the teachings of the Buddha don't explicitly deal with it. The Buddha himself showed tolerance of suicide by monks in two cases. The Japanese Buddhist tradition includes many stories of suicide by monks, and suicide was used as a political weapon by Buddhist monks during the Vietnam war. But these were monks, and that makes a difference. In Buddhism, the way life ends has a profound impact on the way the new life will begin. So a person's state of mind at the time of death is important - their thoughts should be selfless and enlightened, free of anger, hate or fear. This suggests that suicide is only approved for people who have achieved enlightenment and that the rest of us should avoid it. Catholicism: The official position of the Catholic Church in Rome remains that killing of a human being, even by an act of omission to eliminate suffering, violates divine law and offends the dignity of the human person. However, many Catholicsparticularly in the United Statescite various quotations by Pope Benedict XVI as a source for continued disagreement and controversy regarding controversial issues. To compound confusion, physician-assisted dying is frequently and erroneously considered euthanasia: "Freedom to kill is not a true freedom but a tyranny that reduces the human being into slavery." "Scripture, in fact, clearly excludes every form of the kind of self-determination of human existence that is presupposed in the theory and practice of euthanasia." "Not all moral issues have the same moral weight as abortion and euthanasia. For example, if a Catholic were to be at odds with the Holy Father on the application of capital punishment or on the decision to wage war,

The 20 Best Video Game Design Schools in the US

The 20 Best Video Game Design Schools in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you a gamer who dreams of one day getting paid to create video games? Have you ever played a video game and thought that you could do a better job coming up with the characters, dialogue, or rules? Maybe you should consider studying game design and entering a growing and lucrative field. In this article, I'll explain game design, provide a list of the best video game design schools, and let you know how to use the list to help you find the right college for you. What Is Game Design? Game design is the field of making video games. Game designers help imagine and create the characters, plots, rules, interfaces, and environments for video games.The field of game design combines computer programming, creative writing, and graphic design. Just because you like playing video games doesn’t necessarily mean you’d like designing them. I really enjoy eating, but I don’t like to cook. Game design combines technical and creative skills. You have to be skilled in math, art, and writing to be a competent game designer. The Best Colleges for Video Game Design Game design schools are colleges where you can study game design. At some of these schools, you can get a degree in game design. At others, you can study game design, but you’ll get your degree in a related field like computer science or interactive media. For each school that made the list of the best video game design colleges, I linked to its programs that are most closely related to game design. Some of these programs are majors while others are minors or concentrations in related majors. Click on the link to read about the program, the school’s facilities, the program requirements, and the course offerings for the program. Also, I wrote a few sentences on what makes each program unique. The best programs have extensive facilities dedicated to game design, provide thorough instruction in game design, and have a history of helping undergraduates land a quality job when they complete the program. There are very few rankings of game design programs. The most referenced rankings come from Princeton Review, so my list comes from the Princeton Review rankings. More than 60 data points were weighted to determine the rankings. The criteria to determine the rankings focused on curriculum, facilities, technology, and career services. Results were determined based on survey responses from school administrators on topics such as academic offerings, faculty credentials, graduates’ employment history, and starting salaries. According to the survey, undergrads who study game design earn an average starting salary of $58,000, a 20% increase from last year and 28% more than the average starting salary for all 2014 undergrads. You can check out all of the survey questions here. Below you’ll find the top 20 undergraduate schools to study game design in the United States. The Princeton Review list included international schools like The Art Institute of Vancouver in Canada and Abertay University in Scotland, but I excluded them from this list so that it focuses on the best programs in the US. Game design grads can make good money. (Steven Depolo/Flickr) About the Schools on This List The schools that made the list are from every region of the US and represent diverse types of colleges. There are large public colleges like the University of Utah and Michigan State, smaller public colleges like Shawnee State, tech colleges like Worcester Polytechnic, small private colleges like Hampshire College and Becker College, larger private colleges like the University of Southern California and Drexel, and a small for-profit university, DigiPen Institute of Technology. The 20 Best Game Design Schools in the United States From my research, USC and the University of Utah have the most prestigious programs, but all of these schools have well-regarded game design programs and impressive facilities where you can play and design games. 1. University of Southern California Acceptance Rate: 16% Location: Los Angeles, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 19,170 Programs: Animation and Digital Arts Interactive Media Computer Science (Games) Game Design About: USC's location in Los Angeles gives it a distinct advantage in helping students gain employment after graduation because many of the top game design jobs are in LA. Students who want to focus on design and production can pursue the Interactive Media and Game Design degrees through the school of Cinematic Arts. Those who are more interested in the technical aspects of designing and developing games can pursue the Computer Science (Games) degree through the Viterbi School of Engineering. The breadth and depth of game design offerings separate USC from other game design schools. The USC marching band. (David Yu/Flickr) 2. New York University Acceptance Rate: 28% Location: New York, NY Undergraduate Enrollment: 26,417 Programs: Game Design About: NYU initiated its game design program in 2015. The program is already well-regarded because NYU offers its students access to advanced technology, it has a reputable computer science department, and the game design program is located in the famous Tisch School of the Arts. Not only does NYU offer a game design major and minor, but there is an entire department dedicated to game design. 3. Becker College Acceptance Rate: 66% Location: Worcester, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,824 Programs: Interactive Media Design About: Becker is home to the Massachusetts Digital Game Institute, which is a think tank related to the video game industry. Massachusetts is also a favorable location for jobs in game design. Students at Becker have access to a high-performance computer lab, a six-camera video motion capture system, and 3D design software. Dom Sagolla/Flickr 4. DigiPen Institute of Technology Acceptance Rate: 57% Location: Redmond, WA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,067 Programs: Computer Science and Game Design Game Design About: DigiPen is a for-profit school that specializes in preparing students for careers in the video game industry. It began enrolling students in 1994, and it has received substantial support from Nintendo. Class sizes are small with a faculty to student ratio of 1:13. Students from DigiPen have won more awards at the Independent Games Festival than those from any other school. DigiPen's Redmond campus is near more than 96 game development studios. 5. Hampshire College Acceptance Rate: 63% Location: Amherst, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 1,268 Programs: Game Design and Development About: Students at Hampshire are given a great deal of freedom in designing their own course of study. Many game design and development students create their own games with the help of peers and advisers. Some game design courses you can take at Hampshire include pixel bending and analog game design. One downside is that Hampshire has been going through a lot of financial struggles recently, making its future as an independent institution of higher education uncertain. Keep this in mind if you're particularly interested in the video game design program at Hampshire- you can easily cross-register at (and in the worst-case scenario, can transfer to) Amherst, Mount Holyoke, Smith, and UMass Amherst as a Hampshire student, but you won't find the same game design classes at these schools. 6. Drexel University Acceptance Rate: 77% Location: Philadelphia, PA Undergraduate Enrollment: 15,667 Programs: Game Design and Production Interactive Digital Media Computer Science About: At Drexel, the game design program is a collaborative effort between the digital media program and the computer science department. Drexel's game design program offers some impressive resources including an 80-seat 3D theater, a green screen/motion capture studio, and audio recording studios. For the Tetris game he created in 2014, Professor Frank Lee was given a Guinness World Record for the largest architectural video game display. Main Building at Drexel. (Tom Ipri/Flickr) 7. Michigan State University Acceptance Rate: 78% Location: East Lansing, MI Undergraduate Enrollment: 39,423 Programs: Game Design and Development About: Michigan State offers an undergraduate specialization in game design and development. Michigan State is also home to the Games for Entertainment and Learning Lab, an association of game research and design faculty and students at Michigan State whose mission is to "design innovative prototypes, techniques, and complete games for entertainment and learning and to advance state of the art knowledge about social and individual effects of digital games." 8. Rochester Institute of Technology Acceptance Rate: 57% Location: Rochester, NY Undergraduate Enrollment: 13,515 Programs: Game Design and Development New Media Interactive Development 3D Digital Design About: Rochester Institute of Technology incorporates cooperative education into its game design program. Cooperative education is a full-time, paid work experience that provides students with an opportunity to learn on the job in a real-world industry setting. Graduates of RIT's game design and development programs have gone on to work at top gaming companies including Microsoft, Electronic Arts, Vicarious Visions, and Nickelodeon. 9. Worcester Polytechnic Institute Acceptance Rate: 42% Location: Worcester, MA Undergraduate Enrollment: 4,688 Programs: Interactive Media and Game Development About: Worcester Polytechnic's Interactive Media and Game Development program focuses on merging art with technology. Like many of the other top programs, WPI encourages a hands-on approach to learning that allows students to create their own games and collaborate with their peers. (Sean/Flickr) 10. University of Utah Acceptance Rate: 67% Location: Salt Lake City, UT Undergraduate Enrollment: 24,743 Programs: Entertainment Arts and Engineering About: For its undergraduate program, the School of Computing and the Department of Film and Media Arts offer interdisciplinary emphases in Entertainment Arts and Engineering. Students with a computer science emphasis focus on the technical aspects of video games. Students with a film and media arts emphasis focus on the tools and techniques required for game design, drawing, and storyboarding. The program culminates with a year-long senior project where students build a video game from the ground up. 11. Miami University Acceptance Rate: 75% Location: Oxford, OH Undergraduate Enrollment: 17,327 Programs: Interactive Media Studies About: Miami University's Interactive Media Studies program is an interdisciplinary major that allows studies to study design, business, and technology. Students can declare a concentration in applied or digital interactive media studies, with the aim of positioning themselves as digital experts in their fields post-graduation. This is a highly competitive program with limited openings for applicants. Miami University is also working to launch a Games and Simulation major, which focuses on all aspects of creating and interpreting games. 12. Bradley University Acceptance Rate: 67% Location: Peoria, IL Undergraduate Enrollment: 4,606 Programs: Game Design About: Bradley University offers a game design major and minor. At Bradley, game design is part of both the Department of Interactive Media and the Department of Computer Science Information Systems. Bradley also offers concentrations in game design, animation, and computer game technology. Bradley University. (Bradley University/Flickr) 13. University of Central Florida Acceptance Rate: 43% Location: Orlando, FL Undergraduate Enrollment: 58,913 Programs: Interactive Entertainment About: Florida Interactive Game Entertainment Academy at UCF offers a video game production concentration. Students have the opportunity to study the main skills all game producers need. You'll learn about design, scripting, and project management. This major is for people looking to explore multiple facets of game production, including management, creative, and technical skills. 14. Cogswell College Acceptance Rate: 39% Location: San Jose, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 595 Programs: Game Design and Development About: Cogswell College offers a Bachelor of Art in Game Design Art for students looking to focus on the creative elements of game design, and a Bachelor of Science in Game Design Engineering for students who want to focus on the technical elements like development. The program is big on hands-on experience, and encourages all students to work on teams that create and develop their own games. 15. Ferris State University Acceptance Rate: 81% Location: Big Rapids, MI Undergraduate Enrollment: 11,885 Programs: Digital Animation and Game Design About: At Ferris State, all students in the Digital Animation and Game Design program are required to complete an internship to get real-world experience and make connections to help them professionally after they graduate. Ferris State also offer a Peer Mentor Program where sophomore, junior, and senior Digital Animation and Game Design majors serve as role models and help first-years students succeed academically. The Digital Animation and Game Design program is focused on helping students reach their career goals. Students are given instruction on how to prepare a professional portfolio and demo reel and how to find a job in their chosen field. 16. Laguna College of Art and Design Acceptance Rate: 39% Location: Laguna Beach, CA Undergraduate Enrollment: 613 Programs: Game Art About: LCAD's BFA in Game Art focuses on getting students ready for the gaming workforce. Students get hand-on experience working in the programs that they will use throughout their career, and get to work with teams to create games from scratch. LCAD students also benefit from the many industry experts that teach at the college. 17. Champlain College Acceptance Rate: 75% Location: Burlington, VT Undergraduate Enrollment: 2,129 Programs: Game Design Game Art and Animation Game Programming About: Champlain offers a game design major for students. Also, Champlain has a dedicated Game Studio where students can collaborate and build their own video games. Champlain has new multimedia, 3D art, and game production labs. Furthermore, game design students are given the opportunity to study abroad in Montreal, home of the Montreal Game Summit and the Montreal International Game Developers Association. Courses in Montreal are taught by game industry professionals in collaboration with game faculty at the main campus. 18. Shawnee State University Acceptance Rate: 74% Location: Portsmouth, OH Undergraduate Enrollment: 4,114 Programs: Game and Simulation Development Arts Digital Simulation and Gaming Engineering Technology About: Shawnee State offers a bachelor's degree in gaming and simulation, which is a computer science degree. Also, it offers a bachelor's degree in gaming arts, a Bachelor of Fine Arts program with a concentration in 3D modeling and texturing. Furthermore, it offers a minor in game design. The game design program graduated its first class in the spring of 2008. 19. University of Wisconsin: Stout Acceptance Rate: 86% Location: Menomonie, WI Undergraduate Enrollment: 8,116 Programs: Game Design and Development About: The BFA in Game Design and Development offers top-knotch equipment and professional tools as students learn the ins and outs of game design. Students work with computer science students and professors to get the most out of their degree, and to ensure that they have a well-rounded base of knowledge as they go out into the workforce. UW-Stout was the national co-champion at the E3 College Game Competition. 20. North Carolina State University Acceptance Rate: 47% Location: Raleigh, NC Undergraduate Enrollment: 25,199 Programs: Computer Science: Digital Games Initiative About: Under the umbrella of their computer science department, the NC State program works with students to build a strong foundation in computer science, and launch their creativity. Students have a strong focus in graphics, writing, and storytelling, and are required to complete a senior design project in their game design concentration. How Should You Use This List? If you want to go to a top game design school, you should research the schools on this list that interest you to determine if they’re schools you should apply to or attend. Figure out whether you prefer a program that focuses solely on game design or if you want to attend a school that will offer you a broader, more interdisciplinary education. What aspects of game design interest you the most? Which schools offer you opportunities to reach your specific academic and professional goals? Even if you know you want to pursue game design, there are many factors to consider to help determine if a college is a good fit for you including size, location, selectivity, and cost. Look at the school’s website and game design programs and use guidebooks, college finders, and other ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. Also, keep in mind that many students change their majors or career goals while they’re in college. Even though you may be determined to pursue game design now, after taking game design classes in college or an inspiring course in another field, you may change your plans. Therefore, you should consider attending a school where you’ll be happy, receive a good education, and be able to pursue your interests even if you eventually decide not to study game design. What's Next? Want to dip your toe into the world of design? Learn about the 7 principles used in design across many different fields (including game design!) here. If you want to go to a school that focuses on art, check out the 10 best art schools in the United States. Also, you may be interested in the 17 best fine arts colleges in the US or our walkthrough of how to draw contour line art. If selectivity is an important factor for you in choosing a college, take a look at the colleges with the lowest acceptance rates. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Distinct, Distinctive, and Distinguished

Distinct, Distinctive, and Distinguished Though they are related, each of these three adjectives- distinct, distinctive, and distinguished- has its own meaning. Definitions The adjective distinct means separate, clearly defined, and easily distinguishable from all others. Distinct also means notable or highly probable. The adjective distinctive means having a quality that makes a person or thing noticeably different from others. The adjective distinguished means impressive, eminent, and/or worthy of respect. (Distinguished is also the past form of the verb distinguish, which means to demonstrate or perceive a difference, to see or hear [something] clearly, or to make [oneself] noteworthy.) Examples The human species, according to the best theory I can form of it, is composed of two distinct races, the men who borrow and the men who lend.(Charles Lamb, The Two Races of Men, 1813)It is from the blues that all that may be called American music derives its most distinctive characteristics.(James Weldon Johnson)Dr.  Jger was a distinguished child psychiatrist, a music lover, and, I remember, a dog loverhe had two dachshunds, Sigmund and Sieglinde, whom he was extremely fond of.(Walker Percy,  The Thanatos Syndrome. Farrar, Straus Giroux, 1987) Usage Notes Anything that is distinct is clearly distinguishable from everything else; something distinctive is a quality or characteristic that makes it possible for us to distinguish one thing from another. Distinct speech is clear; distinctive speech is special or unusual. So a pileated woodpecker is a woodpecker distinct from most other woodpeckers, distinguishable from other woodpeckers; its large size is distinctive, helping us distinguish it from most other woodpeckers.(Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993) Practice (a) The mirror was positioned so the receptionist could survey the entire waiting room from behind her desk.  It showed a _____-looking woman  in a fawn-colored suit, with long, auburn hair and a timeless gaze.(Davis Bunn, Book of Dreams. Simon Schuster, 2011)(b) Suhye let out her abrupt, _____  laugh. Her laugh was like an enormous, swollen soap bubble bursting. He could identify that laugh of hers with his eyes closed.(Jung Mi Kyung,  My Sons Girlfriend, trans. by Yu Young-Nan.  Ã‚  Columbia University Press, 2013)(c)  His face was lined with weariness and his eyes were red. There were two _____  grooves running down his cheeks from his eyes where his tears had fallen.(Alexander Godin, My Dead Brother Comes to America.  Windsor Quarterly, 1934) Answers to Practice Exercises: Distinct, Distinctive, and Distinguished (a) The mirror was positioned so the receptionist could survey the entire waiting room from behind her desk.  It showed a distinguished-looking woman  in a fawn-colored suit, with long, auburn hair and a timeless gaze.(Davis Bunn,  Book of Dreams. Simon Schuster, 2011)(b) Suhye let out her abrupt, distinctive  laugh. Her laugh was like an enormous, swollen soap bubble bursting. He could identify that laugh of hers with his eyes closed.(Jung Mi Kyung,  My Sons Girlfriend, trans. by Yu Young-Nan.  Ã‚  Columbia University Press, 2013)(c)  His face was lined with weariness and his eyes were red. There were two distinct  grooves running down his cheeks from his eyes where his tears had fallen.(Alexander Godin, My Dead Brother Comes to America.  Windsor Quarterly, 1934)

The Irish Image in Contemporary Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Irish Image in Contemporary Society - Essay Example In 19th century newspaper cartoons, however, those same qualities are portrayed as negative, as the irresponsible antics of a mentally inferior people. This is a stereotype that has managed to survive into modern politically correct society. Before emigrating to America during the Famine years of the mid 19th century, the Irish had long endured racial intolerance from the British. In a letter to his wife, Charles Kingsley wrote, "...I am haunted by the human chimpanzees I saw [in Ireland]... I don't believe they are our fault...But to see white chimpanzees is dreadful; if they were black, one would not feel it so much," (Curtis, 1968). Phrenology, the study of cranial shapes and characteristics, became highly popular between 1800 and 1850 (Wohl, 1990), and asserted that the Irish skull shape was not that of a human being's, but closer to that of an ape's. The Irish were "primitive." John Beddoe, president of the Anthropological Institute from 1889 to 1891, wrote in his book The Races of Britain (1862), that all intelligent men were orthognathous, meaning they had smaller jaw bones, while the Irish were prognathous (more prominent jaw bones) and were thus more akin to Cromagnon man (Wohl, 1990). Punch cartoons of the Iri sh reflect this belief, depicting them with long, drooping upper-lips and apelike features. The circumstances that the Irish went on to face would often be linked with this belief. In the 1840s, a fungus infected the crops of Ireland and an estimated one-fourth of the population died of starvation (The History Place, 2000). Reports were made of finding bodies lying in the road with green foam oozing from the mouth because the deceased had been eating grass to stave off hunger (The History Place, 2000). Thus, in 1847, the United States saw the largest mass immigration in history. Boston, which had a population of 115,000, was suddenly inundated with 37,000 Irish immigrants (The History Place, 2000). New York City, which had a population of 372,000, saw 52,000 Irish in 1847 (The History Place, 2000). In Boston, the Irish were greeted with scorn by the English Puritans, who saw their rural manners and poverty as boorish. Of all of the foreign immigrant groups, the Irish were the poorest (The History Place, 2000). As soon as they stepped off the boat, they were herded into large houses that had been subdivided into apartments, often with no water or ventilation (Th e History Place, 2000). There were so many Irish arriving, however, that many actually slept in the gardens, backyards, and alleys surrounding the house (The History Place, 2000). A Boston Committee of Internal Health reported these houses as: "a perfect hive of human beings, without comforts and without common necessaries; in many cases, huddled together like brutes, without regard to age or sex or sense of decency. Under such circumstances, self-respect, forethought, and all the high and noble virtues soon die out, and sullen indifference and despair or disorder, intemperance and utter degradation reign supreme," (The History Place, 2000). That could be why the city's crime rate increased by a breathtaking 400 percent (The History Place, 2000). The Irish gained such a notorious reputation for rowdiness and violence that many

Federal Election Commission 558 U.S Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Election Commission 558 U.S - Assignment Example As the report declares  apprehensive about the â€Å"possible civil and criminal penalties for violating  §441b,† it filed a â€Å"declaratory and injunctive relief,† claiming that  §441b is unconstitutional when applied to the said documentary and that the disclaimer, disclosure, and reporting requirements under BCRA, BCRA  §Ã‚ §201 and 311, were unconstitutional when â€Å"applied to Hillary and the ads†. With this, â€Å"the District Court denied Citizens United a preliminary injunction and granted appellee Federal Election Commission (FEC) summary judgment†.From this   paper it is clear that  the Court reversed in part, affirmed in part, and remanded. They considered the â€Å"continuing effect of the speech suppression† in the Austin case since the issue involves the application of  §441b to the Hillary. The Court overruled the Austin case stating that there is â€Å"no basis for allowing the Government to limit corporate indepen dent expenditures†. It ruled that such restrictions on expenditures under  §441b â€Å"are invalid and cannot be applied to Hillary†. Given this, the Court also overruled the part which â€Å"upheld BCRA  §203’s extension of  §441b’s restrictions on independent corporate expenditures†. However, â€Å"BCRA  §Ã‚ §201 and 311 are valid insofar as applied to the ads for Hillary and to the movie itself†.  The Court considered  §441b’s facial validity claiming that â€Å"any other course would prolong the substantial, nationwide chilling effect caused by  §441b’s corporate expenditure ban†.

Opinion Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Opinion Portfolio Essay 1. Are the media a real cause of violence and crime, or do they simply report what they see? The Media does not create the news it merely reports it.   It sensationalizes events, but cannot take responsibility for its impact on viewers.   In general the media has a responsibility which is married to society’s right to the free flow of information.   The irresponsible manner in which the media reports information can have both a deterrent and encouraging impact on the masses. But in the end criminal conduct is a creature of conscience and each member of society is responsible for his own conscience.   The greatest fault that can be attributed to the media’s role in reporting violence and crime is one of desensitizing the viewing public. 2. Should the media be used to fight crime? The media is viewed as an instrument of social control and in that sense it can and should be used to fight crime.   The key to successful detection, investigation and prosecution of criminal conduct is primarily attributed to information sharing.   The mere nature of the mass media’s role in information sharing puts it in a unique position to influence the commission of crimes.   The freedom of the press can be exploited to such an extent so as to reduce recidivism in a number of useful arenas and to deter criminal conduct in general. 3. Should the exclusionary rule be abolished? The exclusionary rule exists as a safeguard against public abuse of powers in respect of innocent persons.   All evidence presented at a criminal trial is required to be relevant.   If evidence is collected in an arbitrary manner it becomes suspect and therefore not relevant to the issue of guilt or innocence.   This is so because its probative value is outweighed by its prejudicial effect. When one piece of evidence is tainted it has the capacity to taint all other evidence no matter how relevant it is even if that other evidence was collected and preserved with integrity.   It is therefore essential that the exclusionary rule remain a part of the criminal justice process. Does a racial disparity exist in regard to the application of the death penalty? Many surveys conclude that blacks are more likely to receive the death penalty than whites while just as many surveys reveal that whites are more likely to receive the death penalty than blacks.   The end result is that the surveys merely reflect the demographic variables relative to the specific surveys conducted and do not reflect a prejudiced criminal justice system. 5. Are sexual assault cases under prosecuted? Sufficient data exist to support a contention that sexual assault cases are indeed under prosecuted.   This fact is married to the fact that sexual assault cases are by and large under reported.   Experts conclude that the under reporting and under prosecuting of sexual assault cases is directly linked to society’s general view that sexual assault only happens to others and the survivor’s reputation and credibility becomes as central to any sexual assault prosecution as does the suspect’s. 6. Should parole be abolished? Parole by its very nature is an important tool for the reintegration of the offender into society.   A prisoner has to meet very structured requirements in order to be eligible for parole. If parole is abolished a very important element necessary for the success of rehabilitation within the criminal justice system would be compromised. 7. Does the Patriot Act infringe on civil liberties? The Patriot Act was passed in response to national security issues following the September 11 terrorist attacks on US soil.   It is fails to adequately balance the need for increased protection of the homeland and citizens ‘right to protection of the law in respect of civil liberties.   Under the fear of increased statutory government powers of surveillance, search, seizure and arrests the Patriot Act may have by application given citizens more reasons to fear acts of terrorism against a government who has as its agenda the deterrence, detection and prevention of terrorism. 8. Is the US prepared for acts of terror or national emergencies? The United States is as prepared for acts of terror or national emergencies as much as it is possible to be prepared.   The requisite laws have been passed increasing police and government powers and certainly the United States has in place a military and medical response mechanism that can cope with practically any level of national emergencies. The unpredictable nature of terrorism and national emergencies makes it impossible for any nation to have a perfect response system in place.   The United States is no exception.

Rap Vs Poetry :: essays research papers

What is hip hop? What are some of the common stereotypes and generalizations by which hip hop is conceived? Is it a music that is for only one group of people? Does hip hop promote violence and negativity? Many people claim that it is a disgraceful, mea ngless din. Antagonists often claim that hip hop is offensive to many groups of people. I will agree that unfortunately these are sometimes true with certain varieties of hip hop. The fact is that so many artists out there are in the industry simply for the love. These artists are not â€Å"sellouts† that are only in the industry for the money and fame. Also, there are many artists out there in the hip hop world that promote positivit As time goes on hip hop culture is integrating many different racial and ethnic groups. It is now socially acceptable for people of all races to enjoy the many aspects of hip hop. Hip hop was spurred in the late 70’s. The man credited as being the first rapper ever, DJ Afrika Bambataa, was the first to â€Å"talk† to his music. His unorthodox style quickly became very popular in the disco and funk clubs. For the lack of a better word, rap† was the term given to the music. As more and more rappers came about, the term MC, or Master of Ceremonies, was associated with rappers. Break dancing actually originated a few years prior to DJ Afrika Bambataa. Break dancers (B-Boys and B-Girls), would dance during the breaks in the music while steady beats were played. Eventually rap and break dancing united and hip hop began. The area in which hip hop first became a popular music was the Bronx. The Bronx is often labeled as the birthplace of hip hop. In its early stages hip hop was mostly a black and hispanic thing. As hip hop has evolved over the past 20 some odd years its n base has dramatically broadened. Not only has its area of influence broadened, but the race and ethnicities of hip hop lovers have also. If you go to a hip hop concert nowadays you will almost always see a mixture of races. Groups such as A Tribe Called Quest, and The Roots welcome this ethnic mixing in their music. On the contrary, most â€Å"gangster rappers† do not promote this mixture. Th preach about racial tension, therefore further distancing the posibility of tranquility between races.

Morality and Ethics Essay

Morality and ethics are terms often used as if they have the same meaning. At other times, they are used as if they have no relationship to one another. I think most people realize ethics and morality have something to do with the concepts of good and bad. However, English is not like French, which has the Academic Fantasies acting as its linguistic jury – establishing what proper French is. English changes at the impulse of the crowded. One can bomb, and that’s bad, but if one is the bomb, and that’s good. The word â€Å"morality† has been co-opted by groups, such as the Moral Majority, making us think morality only deals with acts these religious groups think aren’t proper, or are therefore immoral. The meanings of the terms â€Å"ethics† and â€Å"morality† can be differentiated based on their origins in ancient Greek and Latin, respectively. As a result, words that come into the English language from the Greeks often have meanings that are primarily philosophical study, while the Latin-derived words imply â€Å"doing the thing. † Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos – moral character or custom. Morality comes from the Latin word moralist – custom or manner. The words both deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad. Morality, strictly speaking, is used to refer to what we would call moral conduct or standards. Morality is looking at how good or bad our conduct is, and our standards about conduct. Ethics is used to refer to the formal study of those standards or conduct. Sometimes, one refers to the study of conduct as moral philosophy, but that is less common than just saying â€Å"ethics. † One might say that morality is ethics in action, but in the end, the two terms can be used interchangeably. The study of ethics or moral philosophy can be divided into three broad areas: descriptive, normative and analytical or met ethics. Ethics deals with such questions at all levels. Its subject consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong. The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We now often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. These applications are an extension of the meaning of ethics. Strictly speaking, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy. Although ethics has always been viewed as a branch of philosophy, its all-embracing practical nature links it with many other areas of study, including anthropology, biology, economics, history, politics, sociology, and theology. Yet, ethics remains distinct from such disciplines because it is not a matter of factual knowledge in the way that the sciences and other branches of inquiry are. Rather, it has to do with determining the nature of normative theories and applying these sets of principles to practical moral problems. Virtually every human society has some form of myth to explain the origin of morality. In the Louvre in Paris there is a black Babylonian column with a relief showing the sun god Shamash presenting the code of laws to Hammurabi. The Old Testament account of God giving the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mt. Sinai might be considered another example. In Plato’s Protagoras there is an avowedly mythical account of how Zeus took pity on the wretched humans, who, living in small groups and with insufficient teeth, weak claws, and lack of speed, were no match for the other beasts. To make up for these deficiencies, Zeus gave humans a moral sense and the capacity for law and justice, so that they could live in larger communities and cooperate with one another. There is some difficulty, already known to Plato, with the view that morality was created by a divine power. In his dialogue Euthyphro, Plato considered the suggestion that it is divine approval that makes an action good. Plato pointed out that if this were the case, we could not say that the gods approve of the actions because the actions are good. Why then do the gods approve of these actions rather than others? Is their approval entirely capricious? Plato considered this impossible and so held that there must be some standards of right or wrong that are independent of the likes and dislikes of the gods. Modern philosophers have generally accepted Plato’s argument because the alternative implies that if the gods had happened to approve of torturing children and to disapprove of helping one’s neighbors, then torture would have been good and neighborliness bad. That morality should be invested with all the mystery and power of divine origin is not surprising. Nothing else could provide such strong reasons for accepting the moral law. By attributing a divine origin to morality, the priesthood became its interpreter and guardian, and thereby secured for itself a power that it would not readily abandon. This link between morality and religion has been so firmly forged that it is still sometimes asserted that there can be no morality without religion. According to this view, ethics ceases to be an independent field of study. It becomes, instead, moral theology.

Wilmot Proviso

It could be said that the American Civil War was brought on by Americans need to expand its territories and the one sided Mexican War. The whole debate or controversy over this expansion was David Wilmot’s (and his squad of backers: Hamlin, Brinkerhoff, and King) trying to implement the Wilmot Proviso into the funding for the Mexican territories we acquired. The proviso actually fueled the debate over slavery into the newly acquired territories by trying to make the territories slave free acquisitions. The Wilmot Proviso was a simply desire to make newly acquired territories free from slavery.As pointed out in the opening of this discussion however, banning slavery in these territories was a mute point in the fore front. So what impact did the Wilmot Proviso have on the debate over slavery in America? It actually seemed to create a debate were one did not actually exist. The debate or desire to ban slavery was created by Democratic House members (anti-slavery members) who were afraid that the Whig party would spin the War with Mexico into their desire to expand slavery. [1] So the very party that supported slavery issues had the desire to ban slavery in the new territories anyway.Although these few anti-slavery Democrats did not represent the whole, the desire was there and they wanted the territories to be free. Given, this move was to keep the Whig party from making the accusations that the Democrats were moving to expand the real estate for slavery. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, even points out that Congressman from the northern states tried to enact a proviso banning from the territories acquired by a war in which two-thirds of the volunteer soldiers had come from slave states. General Taylor was a slaveholder but opposed the expansion of slavery when he became president. 2] McPherson examines the irony of this fact as well as many other ironies that were to do with the Mexican War and the Civil War.Another point that McPherson makes is that the men won the Mexican War because of the marksmanship and elan of their mixed divisions of regulars and volunteers and above all because of the professionalism and courage of their junior officers. Yet the competence of these men foreshadowed the ultimate irony of the Mexican War, for many of the best of them would fight against each other in the next war. 3] This is pretty powerful stuff that McPherson is feeding us, pointing out the fact that nearly the same group of men who fought the Mexican War would face one another again during the Civil War. The fact that they were so successful in the first led them to face one another in the second partly due to the Wilmot Proviso and other factors that revolved supposedly around the slavery issue. Taking a different avenue of approach on the supposed fact that slavery and the Wilmot Proviso was the cause and sole factor of the Civil War.During and in the heat of the Wilmot Proviso debate, many southern lawmakers began to question the right of Congress to determine the status of slavery in any territory. According to John Calhoun, the territories belonged to all the states. Why should a citizen of one stated be denied the right to make his property, including slave, into territory owned by all? This line of reasoning began to dominate the southern argument. [4] So here now enters the government encroaching on the rights of the southern states and overreaching its authority to tell them what they could and could not do in their territories.So, although slavery was the catalyst, the southerners began to turn the whole issue into â€Å"rights† issue that revolved around properties. The federal government began meddling in the rights of the states to govern its domain. So the fact that the Wilmot Proviso was trying to govern who and who â€Å"could not† have slaves was a violation of the state’s rights. The issue moved from one of abstraction to one involving practical matters. The n ature of the Constitution, slavery, the value of free labor, political power, and ultimately political realignment were all involved in the debate. 5] The southerners started to become enraged at the fact they were being told what to do and how to do it. So what was the impact of the Wilmot Proviso on the debate over slavery in America? Some would say that the Wilmot Proviso is one of the top five reasons or causes for the Civil War and I might have to agree with that as well. In my opinion, the proviso just fueled the fire on the slavery debate simply due to the fact that it was pointless in the sense they were trying to impose a ban on in area that would have not really benefited from the use of slaves anyway.The areas of Texas, Arizona, and California were not geographic areas where slaves would have made a great deal of difference anyway so the proviso was pointless to them. The proviso was trying to impose a ban on slavery in areas where there was to be little need for slaves a nyway. So the proviso was just a platform to them to impose slavery bans in the south and expand their agenda on the issue. The southern states saw the proviso as an insult to the Southern states and their stand on slavery.Of course, I do think they were moving in the right direction from a humanitarian standpoint they were going about it the wrong way. The debate should have been over the constitutionality of the issue all together and the rights of all men/women. They even entertained the thought of popular sovereignty but that would just have let the issue as is because the southern states would have left it like it was and the northern states would have moved to abolish it all together. Let us not forget that the southern states were not the only areas that possessed slaves.The northern states and citizens did indeed possess slaves in large numbers and many of the politicians pushing the issue of banning it were slave owners themselves. So, in a hypocritical fashion, they were p reaching one thing and practicing another. This could not have been favorable to their standpoint at all. Sounds a lot like our politicians today and the way they practice government of late. The point made and known today is that slavery was wrong, inhuman, and unjust and we know that today. The reasons or thought process they used then to justify what they were doing boggles the mind and makes you wonder.It should have been made law without question and the Wilmot Proviso was a move towards that fact. The only ones that were offended or involved were the ones that were practicing this and most of those were wealthy farmers and beau crates and the most common of people could have cared less.[1] http://blueandgraytrial. com/event/Wilmot_Proviso [2] James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford Press 1988, p. 4 [3] Ibid, p. 4 [4] www. ushistory. org/us/30b [5] Michael F. Holt, The Political Crises of the 1850 s. 1978, p. 50

Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism

Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism Buddhism and Shinto are religions which are largely practiced in the South East Asia and other countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Japan, China, South and North Korea among other countries within and outside the region. The origin of these two religions dates back to about 2,500 years (Ellwood and Pilgrim 4). The Buddhist religion and its practices such as meditation way of the religion have continued to spread across many parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shinto and its relationship with China and Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shinto practices have existed for several centuries and are common among the Buddhists. Shinto is a term used to describe a set of indigenous spirituality practices of the Japanese. The earliest records of the Shinto practices were made in the 8th century. These records are found in The Record of Ancient Things, 712 (Kojiki) as well as The Chronicles of Japan, 72 0 (Nihon Shoki). The practices are conducted to connect the Japanese people to their ancient past. Today, the term is generally used to refer to public shrines which are used for harvest festivals and war memorials among other religious practices. The word Shinto which means way of the gods (Sokyo 2) is derived from Chinese words shà ©n do. These two words are combined so that they produce â€Å"shin† and â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"Shin† means kami; which refers to innate supernatural force which includes deities, spirits, as well as, essences which occur in many forms and may exist in human-like or animistic form or in abstract natural forces (Ellwood and Pilgrim 7; and Sokyo 2). Kami can sometimes be associated with lightning, mountains, trees, wind among other natural forces. â€Å"tÃ… Ã¢â‚¬  in Chinese means a philosophical path or could also mean a philosophical study (Sokyo 2). Thus, Shinto generally means ways, beliefs and practices adopted by the Japanese p eople to worship kami. The origin of Shinto was influenced by the Japanese contacts with the Chinese religions. For example, the term itself is of Chinese origin. Besides, the codification of its mythology was done in such a way that it responds to the Chinese influence. Most mythology applied in Shinto practices were acquired from Chinese doctrines. As a result, both religions have had an influence on each other. Most people who practice Shinto rituals especially in Japan also profess Buddhism. In both faiths, one does not have to identify with a particular faith to be a believer. This means that many people who practice Shinto rituals are also Buddhists and vise versa. This includes the Chinese people who live in Japan and even those who live in China. Because of this, it is difficult to distinguish between Buddhist and Shinto beliefs regarding the world as both have greatly influenced Japanese religious culture. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's s ee if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While Shinto beliefs emphasize what happens while one is still alive, which is finding happiness in life, Buddhism puts emphasis on life after death (Herbert 17). Thus, although the two religions have varied perspectives on the world, they have continued to co-exist. Accordingly, it is not unusual to find people who engage in Shinto practices in life being accorded Buddhist funeral. Japanese have had an affiliation with both Shinto and Buddhism religions. Shinto religion has its origin in China and Chinese religions; however, the two religions have been blended together in practice even though have distinct differences. As such, those who identify with the two religions have continued to engage in practices of the Buddhist and Shinto faiths either knowingly or unknowingly. Ellwood, Robert and Pilgrim, Richard. Japanese Religion, 1st edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1985. Pr int. Herbert, Jean. Shinto: At the fountainhead of Japan. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1967. Print. Sokyo, Ono. Shinto: The Kami Way, 1st edition. Rutland, VT: Charles E Tuttle Co., 1962. Print.

Sound Scripting - Word Stress and Intonation

Sound Scripting - Word Stress and Intonation Word stress and intonation within sentences is very important to correct English pronunciation. In Mark Powells book Presenting in English, there are sound scripting exercises which help learners become more expressive by taking sentence intonation skills to the next level. These examples use a method of bolding key content words and CAPITALIZING the most important words chosen for the best emotional impact. This starts off with a simple sentence paragraph that an intermediate student might use to practice and ends with a more advanced selection that is typical of a presentation. Paragraph 1 Our school is the best in town. The teachers are friendly, and very knowledgeable about English. Ive studied at the school for two years and my English is becoming very good. I hope you will visit our school and try an English class. Maybe we can become friends, too! Paragraph 1 With Sound Scripting Markup Our school is the BEST in town. The teachers are friendly, and VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE about English. Ive studied at the school for two years and my English is becoming VERY GOOD. I hope you will visit our school and try an English class. MAYBE we can become FRIENDS! Listen to Example Paragraph 2 In this day and age, facts, statistics, and other numbers are used to prove everything. Intuition, gut feelings and personal preferences are all out the door. Of course, there are some who are trying to battle this trend. Recently, Malcolm Gladwell wrote Blink, a best-seller which explores the usefulness of making split-second decisions based on intuition rather than careful consideration of all the facts and figures. In this book, Gladwell argues that initial impressions - or gut-feelings - are quite rational. However, that this split-second thinking process moves faster than what we usually associate with thinking. If you are one of these people - and there are many of us - Blink provides proof that youre actually quite a rational human being. Paragraph 2 With Sound Scripting Markup In this day and age, facts, statistics and other numbers are used to prove EVERYTHING. Intuition, gut feelings and personal preferences are all OUT THE DOOR. Of course, there ARE some who are trying to battle this trend. Recently, Malcolm Gladwell wrote BLINK, a best-seller which explores the USEFULNESS of making SPLIT-SECOND DECISIONS based on INTUITION rather than careful consideration of all the facts and figures. In his book, Gladwell argues that INITIAL IMPRESSIONS - or GUT-FEELINGS - are quite rational. However, that this split-second thinking process moves FASTER than what we usually associate with thinking. If YOU are one of these people - and there are MANY of us - Blink provides PROOF that youre actually quite a RATIONAL HUMAN BEING. Listen to Example You can  practice this type of exercise further with help from our lesson on using a focus word to help with English pronunciation in general.

Functionalist and intentionalist explanations of mass murder cases Essay

Functionalist and intentionalist explanations of mass murder cases - Essay Example Genocide is thus the result of ideology, as opposed to structure. With the functionalism, it is the opposite – the structures – political, environmental, etc. - are what influences the individual to act, or the group to act. A person might have an ideology that Jews are the cause of the problems of the world, and they must be eradicated, and this is what drove the Holocaust, say some historians, along with Hitler's overall mental problems. Others state that the structure is what drove the Holocaust – the recession that Germany was in, which made the people desperate enough to latch onto the ideas of Hitler. The functionalist argument could also be what explained why the individuals under Hitler, and the groups as well, would do what they did in carrying out the orders. With Rwanda, the functionalist argument is almost the entire argument, as no one individual had the ideology to carry out the genocide. However, if group ideology can be considered in the intention alist argument, then this is one way that intentionalism can be used to explain what happened in Rwanda as well. This paper will explore these two theories, as well as explore how they fit into the parameters of these two tragedies. Intentionalism According to Crane (2007), the theory of intentionalism questions whether all mental states are intentional. Thoughts are intentional, in that they have an object (Armstrong, 1968). Or they might have multiple objects (Husserl, 1901). In other words, people who are thinking are thinking about something – there cannot be a thought about nothing. Since thoughts, by definition, are about something, they are said to be intentional thoughts (Chalmers, 2004). Crane (2007) asks the question of whether there are similar objects for emotions, sensations and perceptual experiences. Crane (2007) also explains what intentional objects are, and the intentional states of mind that are focused upon these objects. If one hopes for something, then t his is an intentional mode. If one thinks of the object in different ways – champagne can also be thought of as sparkling wine, for instance – then this would be considered intentional content. The thing in the mind must be represented in one way or another, according to Crane (2007). Therefore, one must have intentional mode and content (Parsons, 1980). Crane (2007) also asks if the contents of all intentional states are true or false, which means that they are propositional. Or, the contents of an intentional state might be conceptual or non-conceptual (Martin, 2002). This means that the â€Å"state of mind has conceptual content when a subject needs to possess the concepts definitive of its content in order to be in that state† (Crane, 2007, p. 8). Nickel (2007) explains intentionalism as visual experiences that have phenomenology and content. Phenomenology is â€Å"what it is like to have it,† and content â€Å"is how the experience represents the wo rld as being† (p. 1). He states that if two experiences differ in phenomenology, then they differ in content. Or, as Byrne (2001) understands it, one has a representation of a thought, and a sensation about the thought. The representation is the intentional part of the thought (Stalnaker, 1998). The intentional part of the thought may become separated from the sensation, according to some philosophers (Robinson, 1994). Nickel gives some helpful examples to compare and contrast when he speaks about the concepts. He explains phenomenology as being â€Å"

MG2119 Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MG2119 Marketing Research - Essay Example Moreover, the findings are a comprehensive scrutiny on the various facets of the company that the manager should know to make decisions that will facilitate sustainability. Corporate social responsibilities define the lawful actions that extend some social goodness to the community, business environment and employees. (Palmer, 2012) Programs in social responsibility include actions to make a better environment for the society and stakeholder’s lives in an organization. Most companies are not aware of the accountability factor hence they do not make any significant impact to the societies; essentially, this is because they lack the right strategies and procedures to implement in their systems (Palmer 2012). Most companies fail at achieving sustainability because they lack the necessary curriculums; however, they are those that establish these curriculums but do not effectively implement them. CSR curriculums facilitate meeting of customer’s needs by companies; they improve their esteem by making them feel more worth in the society. These programs also act to the corporation’s advantage since they attract a great number of customers hence increasing the sales. In cases of Insurance policy companies, they increase the number of people that want to be in their hands and these also motivates the company to continue offering better services using the social responsibility programs (Annabel & Deanne, 2011). Social responsibilities act as guidance to how employees and stakeholders behave and conduct themselves in the work place. CSR, merely as laws, facilitate employees’ actions, as individuals or as a group, in different situations like when providing services to customers, when handling corporation assets and when required to execute business-based tasks. Failure to establish the different aspects related to corporate social responsibility is the reason why top-level managers for most companies do not succeed in

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership Essay

Prepareabriefingnoteforacolleaguewhohasjustbeenpromotedintoaleadership positionwithinyourorganization,oranorganizationwithwhichyouarefamiliar.Thenoteshould adviseyourcolleagueonwhatlead - Essay Example Secondly, I will brief him on the leadership theories that he could adopt for the effective management of the organisation. Thirdly, I will brief him on team work that is known to be one of the most important aspects of success within contemporary organisations. Finally, I will look into the culture of the organisation and how it impacts on decision-making. There are three important organisational theories namely scientific management, classical and bureaucratic theories. The bureaucratic theory is an impersonal framework and it could have its advantages and disadvantages within the organisation (Argyris, 2012:56). Excluding emotions within the organisation could infringe on creativity among the employees and minimizes the level of conflicts and could be the best approach while dealing with official matters in the business. The second theory is scientific management. This theory mainly focuses on employee motivation within the organisation (Barkin, 2006:13). Employee motivation is viewed as one of the major contributing factors towards success within the company. This is owing to the fact that a motivated work force works hard towards achieving the entity’s goals and objectives (Owens, 2007). This theory however notes that the major aspect contributing to employee motivation is based on compensation. Money is an important motiva ting factor among employees. However, it can be noted that other factors play an important part in employee motivation as well (Owens, 2007). The last theory is the Classical theory that is the most practical for the current situation. This concept takes the idea of employee motivation into a new level (Winkler, 2010:14). This is done by taking beliefs, ideals, values as well as the need for employee satisfaction into consideration (Owens, 2007). This is because intrinsic and extrinsic factors of motivation are important in employee motivation and satisfaction. However, the theory has a major weakness in that it employs

Approaches To Sport And Exercise

Approaches To Sport And Exercise Critically discuss interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science within the professional experience undertaken in term 1. Support your answers with relevant literature and theory Research within sport and exercises science is done in many different disciplines. The majority of published research, however, is mono-disciplinary (from a singular discipline) in nature (Burwitz et al. 1994). A professional experience was undertaken to assess the approaches to inter and multi-disciplinary within sport and exercise science research. The experience was of a sport science nature which involved assisting in an undergraduate research project of 3D biomechanical analysis of a gymnastic vault using CODA, focussing specifically on the approach and springboard take-off. Sports biomechanics uses the scientific methods of mechanics to study the effects of various forces on the sports performer (Bartlett, 2007). It is important to monitor technique in gymnastics to help prevent injury and improve performance. It is then possible to feed this information back to coaches to highlight strengths and weaknesses of individual athletes. Multi or inter-disciplinary research requires a combination of methods and knowledge from more than one sub-discipline (Burwitz et al. 1994). This essay will outline what multi and inter-disciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science are, compare how similar they are and then show how they differ. It will then outline how the two approaches can be applied to the professional experience undertaken. An interdisciplinary approach within sport and exercise science involves a partnership of coaches with sport and exercise scientists such as physiologist or psychologists. Smith (2005) split sport science from exercise science due to differences of individual needs from elite athletes to members of the public. Smith (2005) described sport science as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors and exercise science as being characterised by collaborations with general practitioners and professionals allied to medicine. Interdisciplinary research needs to involve a strong integration of information from more than one sub-discipline of sport and exercise science from the outset of a particular research programme (Burwitz et al. 1994). Williams and James (2001) stated that a sport or exercise team should have a scientific basis. Williams and James (2001) also developed a model to demonstrate inter-disciplinary approaches, where the goal of the sport or exe rcise is affected by each area involved. Multi-disciplinary research involves less integration of the sub-disciplines of sport and exercise science. Each discipline tends to work in parallel on a common topic (Burwitz et al. 1994). Miles et al (1997) adapted Burwitz et al. (1994) definition to state that multi-disciplinary research involves sport and exercise scientists working together to solve a problem in an isolated unitary fashion and co-coordinated manor. In a multi-disciplinary approach each sub-discipline will look for problems to a solution from within only that discipline, for example a biomechanist will look at technique. Then each discipline will collate their results, whereas in an interdisciplinary approach the biomechanist may work with a physiologist to look at technique changes due to fatigue (Burwitz et al. 1994). Multi-disciplinary research may be the result of a lack integration of sub-disciplines from the outset of sport and exercise science, and so it is harder to integrate then together when trying to bring about an inter-disciplinary approach to problem solving. Multi and inter-disciplinary research are both ways of improving research and developing is away from mono-disciplinary work in sport and exercise sciences. The majority of sport and exercise research is mono-disciplinary (Burwitz et al 1994) which is when research looks solely at one sub-discipline and provides answers and conclusions from only that discipline. Both multi and inter-disciplinary approaches endeavour to link sub-disciplines, such as psychology and biomechanics, together to improve the ability to solve problems such as injury, fatigue and poor technique. Both approaches work in teams or groups (that include the sport and exercises scientists, coacher or practitioners and the athlete or patient) to combine knowledge and methods from their different areas. Despite these similarities there are still major differences between the two stated approaches. The inter-disciplinary approach appears to be the best way to bring about improvements as it integrates the sub-disciplines which takes the form of ‘bridge-building (Squires et al 1975) which requires a combination of specialist knowledge from various disciplines focusing on a specific problem. Contrastingly, multi-disciplinary approaches collate rather than combine knowledge; therefore the sub-disciplines work separately during research processes before coming together to attempt to reach a conclusion about a stated problem (Burwitz et al 1994). It is also believed that an interdisciplinary approach will reveal potential conflicts between the sub-disciplines (Burwitz et al 1994). As there is immediate interaction between sub-disciplines, an opinion given by one area is disputed by another. This is less likely to occur in multi-disciplinary approaches as sub-disciplines do not work i n direct contact with one another. Despite the above examples no clear definition is given of the distinctions between the two approaches because many sport and exercise scientists have regarded multi and inter-disciplinary as synonymous terms (Burwitz et al 1994). The professional experience was involved with sport science which smith (2001) described as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors. It was first and foremost a biomechanical approach. Biomechanics is a highly scientific and mathematical based sub-discipline, usually looking at technique, and problems with technique, as causes of problems such as injury and failure of achievement. Gymnastics is a sport that utilises these methods frequently as it is a very technical sport where injuries can be common. This is due to the fact that gymnastics encompasses a seemingly endless quantity of movement skills (George 1980). During the professional experience questions were putt to the researcher regarding the involvement of other sub-disciplines to determine the dimension of the research. These questions were: ‘are there any sport scientists or performance director present for sub-disciplines other than biomechanics to help assess the primary information gathered from the research? ‘Will the results of the research be collated with other sub-disciplines and fed back to the performer? From the answers given to these questions it was concluded that the research being carried out was mono-disciplinary as there was no interaction, in any way, with other sub-disciplines. As discussed above there is an increasing need from multi or inter-disciplinary research in sport and exercise science, this study may have been improved by the introduction of other sub-disciplines and the feedback given to an athlete would have increased in value. The research itself was looking at the approach and take off of the gymnast during the vault, as well as having technique assessed biomechanically, the researcher may have advised the athlete to be assessed by a physiologist or physiotherapist, this may produce results that show differences in muscle pair which could lead to injury, for example one calf being larger than the other, which could mean production of force at take of is unbalanced. This could then be fed to the biomechanist who has also found that during takeoff the gymnast has been unbalanced and therefore the athlete would need to undergo strengthening in the shorter calf to get it up to a similar size to the other calf. This would create a multi-disciplinary approach as sub-disciplines of sport science will have collated data after the research to improve feed back to the performer. It may also have been helpful to have had a psychologist present at the time of testing who had watched the subject in competition and seen if their routine or performance differed between in and out of competition performance. It may be possible that the pressure of performing in competition had led the athlete miss time a move which led to a decrease in performance; the psychologist could then work with the performer to help improve confidence during competition and therefore improve the athletes performance. This would create an inter-disciplinary approach as sub-disciplines of sport science will have integrated during research to improve feed back to the performer. If the approachs dimension was changed to either a multi or an inter-disciplinary approach it will give the gymnast a much better chance of improving performance in competition. The professional experience undertaken was shown to be mono-disciplinary as it was a piece of research focusing solely on the biomechanics of the approach and take off of the gymnastics vault. As discussed above introducing further dimensions to the research may have been more beneficial to the athlete as they may receive more feedback. However the piece of research was an undergraduate study which had a primary focus on biomechanics and introducing other sub-disciplines may have confused the findings and taken away from the aims of the research. This essay has described multi and inter-disciplinary approaches within sport science and described their application within a sporting context.